Yelisaveta Ivanova Karamikhaylova (b.1897, Vienna, Austria-Hungary – d. 1968, Sofia, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian physicist. She is the first Bulgarian nuclear physicist and the first female qualified professor at Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridskyi and one of the founders of its Department of Atomic Physics. She is also the founder of the radioactivity laboratory at the Institute of Physics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and is the first female professor of physics in Bulgaria. Born in Vienna, her studies and career took her to Austria, the UK, and Bulgaria.
