Sofia Vasilyevna Korvin-Krukovskaya Kovalevskaya (b. Moscow, Russia, 1815 – d. 1891, Stockholm, Sweden) was a scientist and mathematician who made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations. She was the first woman to obtain a doctorate (in the modern sense) in mathematics, the first woman appointed to a full professorship in northern Europe, and one of the first women to work for a scientific journal as an editor. She was also the world’s first female professor in mathematics (1889 at Stockholm University). She moved from Russia to Germany in 1869, after a brief stay in Vienna. She later spent more time in Russia, eventually securing a position at a university in Sweden.
